Production And Operations Management A Product Is...

The focus of any business is to provide needs of customer by providing military and supplies, and in this procedure generate value for customers and solve their trouble. Production and operations management talks about applying big business association and management concepts in formation of supplies and military (1). PRODUCT: A product is defined as the thing offered for deal. A product can be a facility or an item. It can be material or in virtual form. Every product is made with some particular cost and each is sold at a price. The price depends on the quality, marketing etc (2). Product can be different object for different people like for customer product is mix of utilities because customer expects some uses from product. For†¦show more content†¦It is that action where by resources, flowing within a defined arrangement, are joint and changed in a controlled manner to add value in according to the policy communicated by management. It does not activate in separation from the other organization system. There exists a feedback about the performance, which is necessary to manage and improve performance of the system. (Schematic production system) CLASIFICATION OF PRODUCTION SYETEM 1. Job-shop production: Job-shop production is used to manufacturing of one or more quantity of any product which is designed and created as per requirement of particular customers within prefixed period and cost. 2. Batch production: Batch production is used to produce limited numbers of products in regular interval. In this type of production job passes through different batches and each lot have different direction. 3. Mass production: Mass production is used to produce very large quantity of product of same configuration. In this production parts produce continuously with short cycle time of production. 4. Continuous production: In continuous production services are arranged as particular cycle of production operations from first to finished product. In this type of production products are made to flow through different conveyors (4). MANAGEMENT: Management is defined as perfect combination of art and science of accomplishment science of accomplishment things completed by the public, by organizing, coordinating,

The Search For Happiness By Benjamin Franklin And Jonathan...

Oscar Chavez Professor Hellenbrand English 473 15 October 2015 The Search For Happiness As two prominent heroes of the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards mastered the art of religious theology and the sciences. Although their uprisings differed, they shared a drive for success and individual approach. Sharing an interest in similar fields, their ideals of religion and fulfillment became very different, which helped shape their own future endeavors. I will consider Edwards and Franklin to be a few of the last â€Å"Do it all† men of the 18th century. Jonathan Edwards was born on 1703 in East Windsor, Connecticut to a middle class protestant family. Edwards went to school for ministry after graduating from Yale, and unlike Benjamin Franklin, he did live up to his families expectancies and became a well-known preacher at the age of 26. In his Personal Narrative, Edwards speaks on the inner sins that haunt him, and his newfound happiness in God’s grace. He also discusses his progress and devotion to God. At a younger age, Edwards questioned Gods Sovereignty and his nonbelief in predestination led him to further ask how could one man decide another mans faith? â€Å"my mind had been wont to be full of objects against the doctrine of God’s sovereignty, in choosing whom He would to eternal life and rejecting whom he pleased; leaving them eternally to perish, and be everlasting tormented in hell† (180). Edwards and Anne Bradstreet both share these puritan conflictsShow MoreRelatedMena Abduljabbar. History 108. Mr. Solheim . I Am Writing1199 Words   |  5 Pagestwo Americans Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin, who are hard workers, and self-sacrificing as young men. they wrote personal narratives, in which they tell of youth happenings and of their adult attempting for moral perfection. The reasons I chose those two people are that they spent their lives searching for perfection. Edwards try to find perfection through God while Franklin improved himself through his own. Both believed in a godly creator, but they differed in how happiness was achievedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesBasic Research Methods for Librarians Ronald R. Powell and Lynn Silipigni Connoway Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee IntroductionRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesTheory Behavioral Management Theory Administrative Management Theory Scientific Management Theory 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 behind the evolution of management theory is the search for better ways to utilize organizational resources. Advances in management thought typically occur as managers and researchers ï ¬ nd better ways to perform the principal management tasks: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling human and other

Business Plan for Sustainable World †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Plan for Sustainable World. Answer: Introduction: Business planning is essential for its entire existence. All successful business, reviews its business plan regularly (Chambers Humble, 2017). It helps to ensure the process to meet its objectives. It is also necessary to review the present performance in a regular basis to adopt most appropriate strategies to ensure growth. For this study, the researcher has selected a business plan on Pty Ltd. The company is small company and a business planning adviser in Sydney. The author will compare this plan with Growth Management Strategies (GMS) is a small firm in an aim to serve the small business clients through logistical, business strategies and technical services. A comparative analysis will help to determine how much the adopted strategies are helpful to meet the business objectives in future. The main role of a business plan is to set its objectives. With the setting of the objectives of the business plan, the organisation will try to prepare its road map. Hence, the setting of an appropriate strategy is necessary (McKenzie, 2017). In the current business plan Pty Ltd, the author has set few objectives which are its main target and which needs to be fulfilled. The objective of Pty Ltd. is to provide best business planning to its clients. On the other hand, GMS has set few objectives like : Help to access the SBA (Small Business Administration) loan on Startup. Enhance client base up to 450% in next three years. Hence, from both the objectives it has been identified that Pty Ltd. objectives are not stated clearly whereas GMS objectives are clearly stated. Pty Ltd. business goal is not specific. It is very hard to identify which parameters they have set for their future development. Operations of the business plan denote the location of the business and who are the suppliers and customers. It is necessary to be clear about operation process of each and every business plan (Finch, 2016). This will help to help to run the business in a strategic way. For Pty Ltd., it has been identified that the business will operate with one business employee (managing director) and the business will be operated through the home. All necessary equipment are obtained already. For GMS, the employees will be altogether two and business will be run through a small office (Bplans, 2018). Hence, it has been identified that Pty Ltd. has a clear operation plan compared to GMS. Operation plan needs to be clearly stated in terms of the success of the business. Marketing strategy helps to determine the success of the business. Market strategies enable the entrepreneurs to be familiar with the marketing aspects. It will help in defining the target market. Also, it generates profit for the entrepreneurs within the competitive environment through pricing, distribution, strategies for promotion. Marketing strategy indicates the industry growth potential for the proposed company and allows in developing estimates for the future endeavour (Gabler et al. 2017). Marketing strategies are identified that Pty Ltd. has done a survey before preparing the business plan. The survey is conducted on : Australian Statistics Bureau Interviews with several business entities personally A brief survey on SME (Small Medium Enterprise) who already used consultants Online literature and statistical site Market analysis and marketing plan of Pty Ltd. and GMS Through the market analysis, it is necessary to identify the industry area and its market potentials. It is really important for every business (Armstrong et al. 2015). There is a demand for the business consulting services in the SME in Australia. Business growth declines in December to January due to Christmas and summer holiday.There are several competitors of this business, though they provide different types of services also. The business plan of Pty Ltd. also shows the internal environment to determine the potentiality of the business. Through the SWOT analysis the business strengths, weakness, Opportunities and Threats are identified. In the marketing plan, the products and target market are identified. The promotional strategies are also identified which will help to promote the business among the market. Pricing strategy also identified trough a proper market research. Pty Ltd. has set $120 per hour a standard rate and this rate must enable advantage for this organisation. F or every start-up it is necessary to analyse marketing strategy after 6 months. In GMS marketing plan it has been identified that market growth is present at the very beginning. It shows the market growth area will be the Boston/Cambridge Metro area and which will be able to generate 3% growth and which will be ideal for lending SBA programs. This signifies that apart from the market growth, the customer base of the company depends upon the solid reputation and service needs. Through the analysis of the market segmentation, it has been identified performance issue and management discord etc. help to differentiate the market. With the calculation the market analysis is presented year on year basis. GMS also presents the target market segmentation strategy. The strategy is divided into tier basis. In the first tier, the company will be able to maintain consistent cash flow and second tier the company expected revenue will be $501-$3 million. In the third tier, the company will be able to generate a good customer base. Pty Ltd. has presented its marketing plan and strategy through a organised way. It is essential to present marketing strategy in a proper way which will help to determine the organisation plan to meet its objectives. This also determines the future obligations and help to plan accordingly. GMS market analysis and strategy show the process is presented in a calculative way. The marketing strategy helps to identify the future market of the organisation. At present, through the GMS marketing strategy, it has been identified that they are focused on their target market and customer service. Suitable customer service and on-time payment to the employees can help to generate good entrepreneurship strategy. The setting of the marketing strategy of both the companies are justified, internal analysis of industry is missing in GMS marketing strategy though. Moreover, these strategies will surely help them to reach their business goals. Financial strategies adopted by Pty Ltd. and GMS: Pty Ltd. has presented the financial analysis with the calculation of basic income and expenses. The gross cost of the goods has been identified as 60% and forecast has for only one year as it is difficult to forecast for the long time period. Business financing also evaluates the potentiality of the business for the industry. Business profit distribution also analysed to generate the idea about the market growth of the business. In financial forecasts, net profit margin, break-even point and market based earning for the start-up are analysed. At the end projected profit and loss statement analysed through calculation using Microsoft Excel. GMS the financial plan is based on the corresponding cash flow amount and pending of SBA loan. The financial plan is projected on the basis of three years. The break-even analysis has helped to determine the monthly revenue break even, assumptions etc. In this business plan cash flow is also presented along with profit and loss statement. In this plan, the business ratio is also presented through calculation with the help of Microsoft Excel. Financial projection is necessary for every startup. Financial analysis helps to determine the total cost and expenses of the business. It also generates the profit and loss for future endeavour. Profit and loss are the main point of every business (Kotler, 2015). Every business starts with the assumption of profit through the business. Hence, calculation of profit and statement, break-even analysis and projected net profit margin are integral for a good business plan. In Pty Ltd., it has been identified that the financial projection is stated properly with calculation. The budgeting and cash flow statement Pty Ltd presents the actual business cost and how the applied cost will be mitigated in one year. For GMS, the financial projections also present through calculation. Break-even analysis and expected profit and loss statement of GMS have helped to determine its market potentiality and future expectation. Plan and effective resource allocation for the success of a business plan: A business plan helps to play the most important role in resource allocating to meet projected business objectives (Kotler, 2015). Business plan is necessary for start up business because this business plan will help to determine the future obligations and to adopt necessary step to mitigate the critical situation. It is also necessary to review the business plan on a regular basis so that it will generate the expected resource allocation to work properly with the adopted strategy (Muzellec et al. 2015). Resourcing is necessary to meet the target of the business. The resources may be available in existing business plan. Hence recruiting is necessary. Business organisation has to recruit suitable staffs for their business. Recruitment of efficient staffs for the business is essential because business will be able to meet its objectives with their continuous effort. Hence, in recruiting more staff and spending or buying equipment which may require more fund for the business. Generally, it is obviously better funding for future growth by generating revenue. It is essential to budget precisely to determine the resource of a particular department. It is undoubtedly true that resourcing should be prioritised for the success of the business plan (Baker, 2014). Hence, funding and resourcing are an integral part of every business plan. The assured fund will help to collect resource which will enable in generating profit. Pty Ltd. Needs to allocate proper resource for its business. Use of SMART objectives for the successful business plan: Use of SMART objectives strategy helps the business to set a proper target which will be able to generate assured revenue. SMART objectives are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely. Specific: objectives should be specific to the business goal Measurable: Business objectives should be measurable so that it could be achieved Achievable: Objectives should be achievable Realistic: Realistic objective setting will help the business to achieve growth very fast. Timely: Objectives should be set for a limited time frame which will drive the business to meet within the timeframe. Hence the use of SMART objective strategy helps to generate a positive outcome for the business. Specific target helps the business realise the necessity of the target and they achieve it. It is essential to supervise the employee performance, team or product through proper performance indicators. These are profit and sales figure with given period, new product development milestones, statistics of market share. Target setting also helps the employees to visualise where are suitable for the organisation and what is their target. Clear objective setting and proper monitoring help the business to reach its goal. It is necessary to review the business plan: For the every successful business plan, it is necessary to review the business plan on a regular basis. After setting the business plan it is necessary to monitor it on a regular basis. Business plan cycle will be effective to review the business plan. In some business, this cycle may be a regular process through regular update and monitor. In some business, the annual plan has been broken into the quarterly operational plan. It has been identified that sales driven business may require monthly operation plan with weekly review and target. It is most important for every successful business, any major events in the targeted business marketplace can indicate to review the business objectives. Monitoring the business plan can help to mitigate any future issues and also helps to take the initiatives for future difficulties. It is essential for the Pty Ltd to review its business plan on a regular basis so that business will run smoothlessly in future. Recommendation: A successful business plan requires a proper and precise target or objectives. Target is also necessary for the performance appraisal of the employees. Busines plan of Pty Ltd. needs to set its objectives with the SMART objective strategy. For the sophisticated business plan, it is necessary to integrate all the business unit into a single document of strategy. This can be a complex strategy but it is crucial for every business. It is also important to implement stakeholder policy in the plan. It is suitable to set the budgets of each unit and it can be the most important process. Use of Information technology can also help to analyse the projected business proposal on a regular basis. In Pty Ltd., it is necessary to allocate resource and monitor the business plan regular basis. This will help to construct a good business plan and helps to establish a solid startup. Budget and stakeholder are the two integral parts of the business. A business plan is impossible without of budgeting. It is essential to prepare a justified budget to run a business because future profit depends upon the budgeting of the business. For the successful business plan it is necessary to prepare cash flow statement and breakeven analysis. These will help the business to be aware about the critical stage of the business and necessity of future investment if requires. Hence, a successful business requires review in each and every quarter so that the business may avoid any financial downturn in future. Conclusion: In the conclusion, it can state that Pty Ltd. has surely set for a successful business but it needs some specification and review. This will help to enable them to meet the business objectives. SMART objectives are helpful and necessary for the successful business plan. All the marketing plan and strategy are analysed by Pty Ltd. are justified and appropriate. Those are necessary to reach the organisational goal. If any changes happen in the marketplace then the organisation needs to review its objectives accordingly. Reference: Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Bplans.com (2018). Business Consulting Business Plan Sample - Market Analysis | Bplans. Bplans.com. Retrieved 17 April 2018, from https://www.bplans.com/business_consulting_business_plan/market_analysis_summary_fc.php Chambers, I., Humble, J. (2017).Plan for the planet: a business plan for a sustainable world. Routledge. Finch, B. (2016).How to write a business plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Gabler, C. B., Panagopoulos, N., Vlachos, P. A., Rapp, A. (2017). Developing an environmentally sustainable business plan: An international B2B case study.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,24(4), 261-272. Kotler, P. (2015).Framework for marketing management. Pearson Education India McKenzie, D. (2017). Identifying and spurring high-growth entrepreneurship: experimental evidence from a business plan competition.American Economic Review,107(8), 2278-2307. Muzellec, L., Ronteau, S., Lambkin, M. (2015). Two-sided Internet platforms: A business model lifecycle perspective.Industrial Marketing Management,45, 139-150. Rogers, T., Davidson, R. (2015).Marketing destinations and venues for conferences, conventions and business events(Vol. 14). Routledge.

Effects Of Genetic Engineering On Agriculture Essay Example For Students

Effects Of Genetic Engineering On Agriculture Essay The Effects Of Genetic Engineering On Agriculture Essay Agribiotechnology is the study of making altered agricultural products. Agribusiness is trying to alter the genes of already existing products to try to enhance the biocompetitiveness and adaptability of crops by enhancing plant resistance to drought, salinity, disease, pests and herbicides. They are going to try to enhance their growth, productivity, nutrient value, and chemical composition. The old way of doing this was through selective breeding, special fertilizer, and hormones. This seems now somewhat outdated with todays technology. Genetic engineering comes with many downfalls. Increased production through genetic engineering could exhaust nonrenewable resources more rapidly and fail to feed a larger and more dependent human population. In Africa, and South and Central America, super breeds of crops, irrigation and hydroelectric dams, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agripoisons exported to less developed countries produced great short-term profits but destroyed already existing, more regenerative, traditional farming practices, ultimately destroying the communities and fragile land. Natural deserts, swamps and salt marshes need to be preserved to protect biodiversity and the integrity of the Earths ecology. Introducing genetically engineered organisms into the environment means that these areas could be invaded by these new species therefore furthering loss of natural ecosystems. A major concern of farmers and scientists regarding engineered crops is that they are afraid that these new plants which would be resistant to herbicides and other chemicals would breed with a nearby weedy relative and thus creating a superweed that would be resistant to herbicides. These plants would then choke out the crops. Another example of this would be with Pseudomonas syringae. This is a common bacterium on plants that causes frost to form on them. The lipoprotein coating of this bacterium is blown from the plants and soil into the atmosphere. Once in the upper atmospheric regions, these particles act as nuclei around which water collects and freezes to form ice. Some scientists consider this process absolutely essential for rain to fall. Genetic engineers are working on a strain of P. syringae that would not form frost on plants. Some scientists are concerned that these strains could conceivably cause serious climatic perturbations that inhibit rainfall and cause drought. Farmers fields are not the only places that are threatened. Scientists are looking for a way to destroy lignin, an organic substance that makes trees rigid, by use of a genetically engineered enzyme. They believe that it would be of use to clean up the effluent form paper mills or for decomposing biological material for energy. This poses a threat to forests because it could destroy massive amounts of them by eating away their lignin. We could end up with no trees. Engineers could try to create organisms with a suicide gene so they only live for a very short time, but they would be alive long enough to do damage. These engineers and businesses, like Pioneer, Sandoz, Imperial Chemical Industries, Dow, Ciba-Geigy, Monsanto, Upjohn, Elanco, and Pitman-Moore to name the leading corporations in agribiotechnology, dont understand the impact that these engineered organisms can have on the existing fragile ecosystems. It is clear that the biotechnology industry is potentially one of the most serious threats to the biodiversity and ecological integrity of planet Earth. The threat will become a reality if this technology is applied with the same values and attitude toward life and the biosphere that sanctioned and promoted the wholesale application of pesticides and the development of capital-intensive monoculture farming and forestry. But this is not to say that this new technology could not be used appropriately. For example, it could be used to engineer plants to help halt the spread of deserts; to develop microorganisms and plants to synthesize essential biologics, such as insulin and antibodies; to help in water treatment to remove pesticides (bioremidiation), heavy metals, and other industrial and agrochemical poisons. Scientists must be extremely cautious about releasing genetically engineered organisms into the environment. The deliberate and accidental release of exotic, nonindigenous plant and animal species has caused considerable harm to the ecosystem already. Modern agriculture operates so close to the edge of disaster that the U.S. .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 , .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 .postImageUrl , .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 , .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8:hover , .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8:visited , .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8:active { border:0!important; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8:active , .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8 .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u19b9b2f27eb7fae13c50d429adcf30b8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Traditional Budgeting And Its Criticisms Accounting Essay Department of Agriculture Research Service spent $23.5 million in 1991 on biological control programs. Exotic foreign weeds, such .